The US was fearful that the Iranian government lead by Dr. Mohammed Mosaddeq would fall into communism. The British were angry that he nationalized oil in Iran. They overthrew his government, reinstalling Muhammad Reza Shah back into power in Operation Ajax in August of 1953. Muhammad Reza Shah was overthrown in the late 70's by zealous religious students for Ayatollah Khomeini.
Here is an interesting pdf file concerning extremist ideology:
http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/pub738.pdf
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